Bay View Association/Bay View
Industry and Invention (1875-1915) – Registered in 1957 and erected in 1997 – ID #S151A
Located in the Center of Bay View Campus, Bay View – Lat: 45.38389300 / Long: -84.93435800
Bay View Association
Beginning in 1875 as a Methodist camp, the Bay View Association encouraged scientific and intellectual development within a religious community. In 1885 John M. Hall of Flint began the summer educational assembly program. The Methodist camp meeting resort of Chautauqua, New York, inspired Bay View to organize schools of art, cooking, elocution, and music. In addition, cottagers participated in religious study, reading circles, dramatic, and recreational activities. In 1890 Evelyn Hall was built for the Women’s Christian Temperance Union. William Jennings Bryan, Bruce Catton, Lillian Hellman, Helen Keller, and Booker T. Washington were among the speakers who came here. Bay View continues to attract cottagers from throughout the United States.
Bay View
Bay View comprises one of Michigan’s most spectacular collections of Victorian era architecture. Sweeping verandas and stately turrets characterize the Queen Anne style evident in the cottages and public buildings. Planned during the late 1870s, the curving streets follow natural terraces. The park-like setting reflects nineteenth century romantic landscape design. Railroads and steamboats spurred Bay View’s growth by providing convenient transportation for people from southern Michigan and throughout the Midwest. Methodist camps at Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts, and Ocean Grove, New Jersey, influenced Bay View’s plan. Samuel O. Knapp, one of Bay View’s founders, built the first cottage in what was then wilderness. By 1900, 420 cottages had been built.
Bliss Pioneer Memorial Church
Industry and Invention (1875-1915) – Registered in 1980 and erected in 1981 – ID #L778A
Located on Sturgeon Bay Trail west of County Rd 81, Bliss – Lat: 45.67976900 / Long: -84.88513300
The congregation of the East Bliss United Brethren Church was organized in 1880. During the pastorate of the Reverend Edward McFarland, this Carpenter Gothic-style church was erected. It was dedicated on May 4, 1903. The congregation flourished until 1923, then declined. Financial difficulties forced it to disband in 1949. Former members purchased the church from the United Brethren Conference in 1965 and renamed it Bliss Pioneer Memorial Church. Memorial Day and fall homecoming services are held in it annually.
Fort Michilimackinac/Michilimackinac State Park
Native People and the French (< 1760) – Registered in 1956 and erected in 2009 – ID S11
Located at 102 W. Straits Avenue, Michilimackinac State Park – Lat: 45.78668400 / Long: -84.73290200
Fort Michilimackinac
This fort, built about 1715, put French soldiers at the Straits for the first time since 1701. French authority ceased in 1761 when British troops entered the fort. On June 2, 1763, during Pontiac’s uprising, Chippewa Indians seized the fort, killing most of the small force, and held it a year. When the British moved to Mackinac Island in 1781 this old fort soon reverted to the wilderness.
Michilimackinac State Park
The British military abandoned and burned Fort Michilimackinac in 1781. Set aside as part of a village park in 1857, the fort site was placed under the direction of the Mackinac Island State Park Commission in 1909. In 1933 the fort´s stockade was rebuilt after the park custodian unearthed the foundations of the palisade. Always popular, especially among campers, the park saw visitation boom after the Mackinac Bridge opened in 1957. In 1959 professional archaeologists began investigating the site. Their findings prompted the dismantling of the stockade and reconstruction of the fort based on archaeological evidence. The excavation of Fort Michilimackinac is one of the longest ongoing archaeological projects in North America.
Grand Rapids Indiana Railroad Harbor Springs Depot
Industry and Invention (1875-1915) – Registered in 2006 and erected in 2006 – ID #L2165
Located at 111 West Bay Street, Harbor Springs, West Traverse Township -Lat: 45.42700220 / Long: -84.99134110
The Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad linked Harbor Springs to its main line in 1882, further opening the Little Traverse Bay area to resort and commercial development. Grand Rapids architect Sidney J. Osgood designed this depot, built in 1889, to serve an influx of new residents, tourists, and commerce. By the mid-twentieth century the popularity of automobiles led to the decline of passenger railroads. The last train left the depot in 1962.
Harbour Inn
Industry and Invention (1875-1915) – Registered in 1974 and erected in 1977 – ID #L355
Located at 1157 Beach Road, Harbor Springs – Lat: 45.42762200 / Long: -84.97119700
Built around the turn of the century as the Ramona Park Hotel, this building initially included the tower, lobby, dining area, and about thirty guest rooms. The large east wing was added in 1929. The history of the inn reflects the growth of Harbor Springs as a resort area. Called Little Traverse until 1881, Harbor Springs had small but flourishing lumbering and fishing industries in the latter half of the nineteenth century. Its deep harbor, pollen-free air, and scenic woods attracted summer residents. After the lumbering boom ended, seasonal dwellers and tourists continued to frequent the village, which incorporated as a city in 1932. Two nearby ski areas opened in the 1950s bringing winter visitors. Renamed Harbour Inn in 1962, this hotel, which was originally a summer resort, now operates year round.
Hiawatha Pageant
Industry and Invention (1875-1915) – Registered in 2015 and erected in 2015 – ID S736
Located at 4505 Hiawatha Trail, Petoskey – Lat: 45.53310000 / Long: -84.93430000
From 1905 to 1915, summer resorters came here to experience “The Indian Play Hiawatha.” Canadian Louis O. Armstrong worked with Ojibwa from the Garden River Reserve in Ontario, to create the pageant. It had been presented in several places, including Europe, when the Grand Rapids and Indiana Railway sponsored moving it to this location to attract tourists. Waganakising Odawa from this area joined the Canadian First Nation actors in dramatizing the narration of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow’s 1855 poem “The Song of Hiawatha.” The play romanticized Native American life as it provided income for Native actors. Hiawatha Pageants were also held on the Bear River, in Harbor Springs and in Petoskey into the mid-1950s. Other public views of native culture during this time came through pow wows and naming ceremonies.
The pageant that began here in 1905 was based on an Anishnaabek story, though Hiawatha is an Iroquois name. It brought a grandstand, a hotel, an Indian-themed workshop and tea room, and the name Wa-ya-ga-mug to Round Lake. Water separated the audience from the stage; the backdrop was the woods, with tepees more appropriate to the American West than the Great Lakes. At evening pageants, “all the lovely colors from the great bonfires, stage settings and costumes were reflected in the water.” The play ended with Hiawatha standing in a canoe drifting across the water to the words: Thus departed Hiawatha, Hiawatha the Beloved. In the glory of the sunset,
Holy Childhood of Jesus School
Statehood Era (1815-1860) – Registered in1964 and erected in 1964 – ID #S259
Located at NW corner of West Main and State Streets, Harbor Springs, West Traverse Township -Lat: 45.42981000 / Long: -84.98948300
This Indian school was founded in 1829 by Father Pierre Déjean, who came here with two teachers, Miss Elizabeth Williams and Joseph L’Etorneau. The Indians built a church and the first school building, a hewn-log structure, forty-six-by-twenty feet. The school was both a boarding and a day school, with twenty-five boarders in its initial enrollment of sixty-three Indian boys and girls, who were taught, in French, the three “R’s” and vocational skills. Father Déjean was followed in 1831 by Father Frederic Baraga, the future “Apostle of the Ottawas and Chippewas.” Under the Franciscan Fathers, who arrived in 1884, and the School Sisters of Notre Dame, who came in 1886, the school continues to serve the state and community, caring for Indian children.
Hotel Perry
Industry and Invention (1875-1915) – Registered in 1999 and erected in 1999 – ID #L2067
Located at 100 Lewis, Petoskey – Lat: 45.37608600 / Long: -84.95407800
During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, city-dwellers from the Midwest escaped hot summers in the fresh air of northern Michigan. Constructed in 1899 for Norman J. Perry, the Hotel Perry catered to these vacationers with its location near Little Traverse Bay and the Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad Depot. At the Perry, a Petoskey social hub, guests and local citizens attended “hops” and enjoyed the hotel orchestra. One of the city’s earliest brick buildings, the hotel was advertised in 1900 as “fire proof” and boasted steam heat, electric service, a barber shop, a buffet restaurant, and a newsstand. The Hotel Perry is included in the Petoskey Downtown National Register Historic District.
Little Traverse Bay
Statehood Era (1815-1860) – Registered in 1957 and erected in 1959 – ID S736
Located at Sunset Park on US-31, Petoskey – Lat: 45.38084800 / Long: -84.94787600
For centuries this region has been the home of Ottawa Indians, whose warriors and orators fought bravely to retain their land. Around 1700 a mission was built by French Jesuits at the famous L’Arbre Croche villages which stretched from Cross Village to Harbor Springs. Petoskey, named for Chief Petosega of the Bear River Band, was first settled in 1852 by Andrew Porter, a Presbyterian missionary. With the coming of the railroad in 1873 it changed rapidly from primitive settlement to one of America’s leading summer resort cities. Bay View, the adjoining summer colony, was established in 1875.
Pioneer Picnic Park
Two World Wars and the Depression (1915-1945) – Registered in1971 and erected in 1971 – ID L142
Located on Larks Lake Park, Bliss, Center Township- Lat: 45.61178500 / Long: -84.93010900
A pioneer association was formed in 1915 at Round Lake, also known as Lark’s Lake, to preserve the natural beauty of these grounds for posterity and as a memorial to the settlers of northern
Emmet County. Annual picnics honoring the pioneers were held until 1932, with programs that featured singing, recollections of early days, speeches, and contests. The association deeded
the park to Emmet County in 1950.
St. Francis Solanus Indian Mission
Statehood Era (1815-1860) – Registered in 1971 and erected in 2015 – ID #L133
Located at 430 West Lake Street, Petoskey -Lat: 45.37521380 / Long: -84.96729612
This land was sold by Amawee, an Odawa, to Jean Baptiste Trotochaud and his Ojibwa wife Sophia Anaquet. Later, they donated nearly an acre of land to the Catholic Church. Jean, under the guidance of Father Sifferath, built this Mission in 1859. In 1860, Bishop Frederic Baraga blessed and dedicated it for use by Natives and settlers. Mass was offered at least four times a year. The mission was restored in 1884, after the arrival of Father Pius Niermann, an Assistant Priest with the Franciscan Fathers. It was abandoned by 1896 and restored again in 1931, 1959 and from 2005 to 2008. The church and burial grounds are listed in the National Register of Historic Places.
St. Francis Solanus Indian Mission (in Odawa)
Mah-buh Odawa Amawee gah zhin kah zot gee diban-dahn madn-duh ke zhin duh jeeg-beek. Mee dush ah-nin gee dah wat. Jean Baptiste Trotochaud meen wah wee-di-gat mahg-nuhn, Ojibwa kwa toon. Mahn-duh pee 1859. Mee-dush chi-mag-da kun-ya Barage gee bi nuh-ma toot, pee 1860 mee-dush gun-duh Odadwahk. Gee mee naht. Wee nuh-kahz what. Meen-wah je nahg-duhwhat. Mo-waht. Kah-dush-pi-na gee nuh-kahz zeenah-wah. Mahn-gud noong mag-da Kuhn a gee miyaht mee gee nuh-mas-kat zhin-duh. Mee-dush pee 1884 mag-da-kun ya Nahmah gee nah-chi-gah duhng nahn-duh guhmik. Mee ga wuh “St. Francis Solanus” gah zhin-kah duhng mahn-duh nuh-maguh mik. Mee duhsh goon-duh Odawahk oosh-ma gee wa-be nuh kahz what.
St. Ignatius Of Loyola Church And Cemetery/chi-twah Ignatius nuh-ma guh-mik (in Odawa)
Industry and Invention (1875-1915) – Registered in 1976 and erected in 2014 – ID #L491
Located at 101 N. Lamkin Road, Harbor Springs, Readmond Township – Lat: 45.55160700 / Long: -85.11524800
By the 1740s, French Catholic missionaries had come to this area, known to the Odawa as Waganakising, to minister to local tribes. Later, missionary work was taken up by others, including Bishop Frederic Baraga (1797-1868), who dedicated a church at this site on August 1, 1833. The present St. Ignatius Church was constructed in 1889 to replace one destroyed by fire that same year. The cemetery next to the church contains the graves of generations of area Odawa and dates to before the present church. In the 1970s, an Odawa caretaker of the cemetery placed the white wooden crosses to denote the many unmarked graves.
chi-twah Ignatius nuh-ma guh-mik (in Odawa)
mahn-duh-pee 1740 gee bi zhah-wunk zhin-duh, ge-we wam-ti-goo-zheek. wee be kinoo mah ga waht, goon-duh O dah wahk gee dah wuhk zhinduh wah-guh-nuhk-sing bah-mah-pee dush chi mag-da kun-ya, Fred Baraga gah zhin kah zot gee bi zhah zhin-duh. mee dush a gah ching nuh-na guh-mik gee zhi toot. mahn-duh pee 1833. meego a tuk O-dah-wahk gah yah jik zhin duh gee nuhmas-kat gee ki noo moo wahn dush wah kid waht uh nuhm ah waht. geen bo-waht mee-go zhin duh gee bi gi—danj gahz waht. ga-yah-be dush tamgut bi-gi-danj wing zhin duh jee ge nuh-ma-guhmik.
Stafford Bay View Inn
Industry and Invention (1875-1915) – Registered in 1957 and erected in 1978 – ID #S151
Located at 2011 Woodland Ave and US-31, Bayview -Lat: 45.38590500 / Long: -84.93466900
J. W. Howard completed this spacious inn in 1887, naming it the Woodland Avenue House because of its proximity to that street. Later he called the hotel the Howard House. In 1923 the popular resort became the Roselawn in honor of Horace Rose, innkeeper at that time. Renamed the Bay View Inn, this building is now Stafford’s Bay View Inn and is one of the oldest seasonal hotels in continuous operation in the area. Carved out of deeded railroad property next to the village of Petoskey in 1875, the summer colony of Bay View began as a religious retreat. Then it became a cultural and educational center complete with a college and Chautauqua series. This inn is a center of hospitality in the swirl of local summer activities
State Board Of Fish Commissioners/State Game And Fish Warden
Industry and Invention (1875-1915) – Registered in 2017 and erected in 2020 – ID #
Located at 8258 S. Ayr Road, Alanson – Lat: 45.42487700 / Long: -84.84620900
State Board of Fish Commissioners
Nineteenth-century commercial fishing and logging operations helped grow Michigan’s economy but also posed threats to resource sustainability. The logging industry’s use of waterways to transport logs contributed to pollution in rivers and destroyed fish spawning areas. The widespread installation of dams prevented fish passage and caused other damage to fish habitats. Each year relatively unlimited commercial fishing harvested millions of pounds of fish at a rate higher than the regeneration rate for some species. To prevent the extinction of the state’s fish species, the Michigan legislature established the Board of Fish Commissioners in 1873 to study the importance of “fish culture” and to establish a state hatchery to repopulate the state’s waterways.
State Game and Fish Warden
In the mid-nineteenth century the State of Michigan began regulating hunting and fishing to prevent extermination of the state’s wildlife. In 1859 it enacted a law creating hunting seasons for deer, turkey and other game. The fine for violations was $25. Another law outlawed the use of continuous fishing nets and seines in certain locations. Other game laws were passed over the years but implementation was left up to local and county officials, resulting in uneven enforcement. In 1881 the Michigan Sportsmen’s Association began lobbying for a state game law enforcement office. In 1887 the legislature created the office of Game and Fish Warden. Governor Cyrus Luce appointed William Alden Smith as the first warden. He was Michigan’s first statewide law enforcement officer.
Terrace Inn
Industry and Invention (1875-1915) – Registered in 2009 and erected in 2009 – ID L2208
Located at 1549 Glendale Avenue, Petoskey – Lat: 45.38348700 / Long: -84.93713500
When the Terrace Inn opened in 1911, its owners billed it as Bay View´s “newest and most modern hotel.” One of only two remaining hotels among the resort´s four hundred Victorian houses and public buildings, it was built to accommodate the growing numbers of summer visitors to Bay View, including those on adult education Chautauqua tours. William J. DeVol of Lebanon, Indiana, and his wife, Josephine, built the inn and served as the original proprietors. The new inn featured such modern amenities as hot water heat, hot and cold baths, and electric lights and call bells. The dining room offered a full menu with “hot things very hot, and cold things very cold.” Although the interior saw some alterations to meet the changing needs of guests, the Terrace Inn retains
its historic character.
W. W. Fairbairn
Industry and Invention (1875-1915) – Registered in 2004 and erected in 2004 – ID #L2139
Located at 7537 Burr Ave, Alanson – Lat: 45.44166500 / Long: -84.78855400
Walter W. Fairbairn came to Alanson in 1888 as a government surveyor. He worked as a blacksmith in Detroit and lived in North Dakota before settling permanently in Alanson in 1892. Three years later, he established a hardware and plumbing business in this building, which also housed the post office. Fairbairn and, later, his descendants, served customers throughout the area. The structure has pressed metal siding, which was popular during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
